The Retinol Guide

What retinol is

Retinol is a form of vitamin A, part of a family called retinoids. Once on the skin, it converts into retinoic acid, the active form that drives its effects. Retinoids are among the most researched ingredients in skincare, with decades of evidence behind them.

Retinol has a reputation as a gold standard ingredient for good reason. Few actives have as much research behind them for improving skin over time. It also has a reputation for irritation, which puts some people off, but most of that comes from starting too strong or too fast. Used sensibly, it is one of the most rewarding ingredients you can add.

What it does

Retinol works by speeding up skin cell turnover and supporting collagen. Over time this can:

• Soften fine lines and improve texture.
• Fade dark marks and even tone.
• Reduce breakouts by keeping pores clear.
• Give skin a smoother, fresher surface.

Results build over months, not days, so patience is part of the process.

How to start

Start low and go slow to avoid irritation:

• Begin with a low strength, two or three nights a week.
• Apply at night to clean, dry skin, then moisturise. A moisturiser before and after can buffer sensitive skin.
• Build up frequency gradually as your skin adjusts.
• Wear broad spectrum SPF every morning, since retinol can make skin more sun sensitive.

Side effects to expect

Early on, some dryness, flaking, redness or mild stinging is common as the skin adjusts. This settling in period is often called retinisation. If it is severe, reduce frequency and focus on hydration and barrier repair. See the skin barrier guide.

On deeper skin, introduce retinol gently, because irritation can trigger dark marks.

How to fit retinol around other actives

Retinol does not need a complicated routine around it. Many people keep it simple: cleanser, retinol, moisturiser at night, then a separate morning routine with vitamin C and sunscreen. Keeping strong actives apart, such as using acids on different nights, reduces irritation while your skin adjusts.

If your skin is doing well, there is no need to keep adding more. A steady, low strength retinol used consistently over months delivers more than an aggressive routine your skin cannot tolerate. Results come from consistency, so the best routine is the one you can keep up.

Who should be cautious

People who are pregnant or breastfeeding are generally advised to avoid retinoids and should speak to a doctor. Very sensitive skin, or skin with an impaired barrier, should start slowly and may prefer a gentler retinoid. If you use other strong actives, avoid stacking them with retinol on the same night until your skin is used to it. A skin scan can help you track how your skin responds as you build up. Try the scan.